The is Monkeypox outbreak It has resulted in more than 24,000 infections in more than 80 countries, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that the window to contain infections outside Africa is closing and could become epidemic, making vaccinations an urgent and potentially crucial measure.
Vaccines It is already being rolled out worldwide, but the struggle continues to secure the limited doses available, while in poorer countries there is concern about access to biopharmaceuticals.
What vaccines are available for monkeypox?
Three vaccines are being considered worldwide to contain the current global outbreak, all of which were developed as smallpox vaccines. However, in USA, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has only one license for monkeypox, It is called MVA-BN or Jynneos.
Another vaccine is ACAM2000, which is licensed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for smallpox vulgaris, but can be used for monkeypox with additional forms offered. Finally, the third vaccine is LC16m8, which is a licensed smallpox vaccine in Japan.
The Jynneos vaccine is considered the safest, so it is likely to be the widely preferred vaccine. Contains a form of A virus related to smallpox called vacciniawhich cannot multiply in the body, so it seems safe for people not to get sick.
While ACAM2000 and LC16m8 contain a form of vaccinia virus that replicates in the body, but to an extent. This means that it causes only mild discomfort. However, it is not recommended for people with weakened immune systems or who live with people who have these conditions.
ACAM2000 is injected through a needle that scratches the surface of the skin and creates a wound that takes weeks to heal. This wound eventually heals and can kill the virus, but it must be taken care of properly. GenosOn the other hand, it is given by injection under the skin, in two doses, and it does not flake off.
Both smallpox and monkeypox are smallpox viruses, similar in structure. Some of them have been used to protect people from more dangerous viruses of the same family. Both diseases have many commonalities. They are 85% identical. Both can cause a rash with “blisters” on the skin, which eventually crust.
The primary difference is that monkeypox causes less severe disease. While common smallpox affects only humans, monkeypox can also affect animals, which can become “reservoirs” through which the virus can be transmitted to humans.
Monkeypox was originally identified in primates, but it usually affects rodents.
How effective are monkeypox vaccines?
The World Health Organization indicated that with regard to the effectiveness of these vaccines, “it has been shown through many studies that vaccination against smallpox is 85% effective in preventing monkeypox”, after research conducted in the eighties, When scientists investigated an outbreak of monkeypox in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Other studies report a lower incidence of monkeypox among people vaccinated against monkeypox, although they are not fully protected. An investigation into an outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the mid-1990s found that 15% of 84 people infected with the disease had previously been vaccinated.
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